Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) is a structured method for understanding, modelling, and designing software systems using real-world concepts. It focuses on identifying the objects within a system—such as users, processes, and data—and organising them into classes with specific attributes and behaviours. By applying principles like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism, OOAD helps create flexible, reusable, and scalable architectures. This approach supports better communication among stakeholders, improves software maintainability, and aligns system design with business requirements throughout the development lifecycle.